Corticolous, nitrophilous, on roadside trees, in orchards, etc., often at the base of trunks.

Belgium: Mar.: C, Fl.: C, elsewhere: AC-C.

Luxembourg: Ard.: C, Lorr.: C.

France: Mar.: RRR, Boul.: RR, Pic.: RRR, Brab., Mosan, Ard., Lorr.: AR-C.

Lit.: L9, L14: 111.

Most populations previously called Xanthoria candelaria appear to belong to X. ucrainica. The distribution map shows X. candelaria s.lat., incl. X. ucrainica.