[Version: October 31st, 2000]

This world-wide checklist of foliicolous lichens and their lichenicolous fungi continues and extends the two checklists published by FARKAS & SIPMAN [Trop. Bryol. 7: 93-148 (1993); Abstr. Bot. 21(1): 173-206 (1997)]. As a complement to Part I, which treats foliicolous lichens, all lichenicolous fungi reported from foliicolous lichens are compiled here. This seemed appropriate since lichenicolous fungi on foliicolous lichens are usually treated by workers dealing with the latter and in several cases belong to the same genera. The compilation is mainly based on the works of HAWKSWORTH [Bull. Br. Mus. Nat. Hist. (Bot.) 6: 183-300 (1979); Bull. Br. Mus. Nat. Hist. (Bot.) 9: 1-98 (1981)], SAMUELS [Mem. New York Bot. Garden 48: 1-78 (1988)], MATZER [Mycol. Pap. 171: i-x, 1-202 (1996)], and ETAYO [Flora y Fauna del Parque Nacional de Coiba (Panamá): 205-220 (1997)].

This internet version of the checklist is planned to be updated regularly and will be separately published as hardcopy. It is also intended to include colour illustrations for each accepted species. The checklist has been compiled and revised by us with great care, but errors can of course not be excluded. We are therefore greatful for any remarks concerning errors or ommitted data. Please send remarks to either Dr. Robert LÜCKING [rlucking@hotmail.com], Dr. Paul DIEDERICH [paul.diederich@ci.educ.lu] or Dr. Javier ETAYO [jetayo@masbytes.es].

The entries are divided into six categories which are distinguished by their font size and colour:

• GENUS Author, Reference. – Bas. – Nom. syn. – Tax. syn. – Identified anamorph(s). – Type species. – Systematic position (with reference). – Substrata. – Number of lichenicolous species on foliicolous lichens. – Distribution.
  
= Valid names of genera which contain lichenicolous fungi on foliicolous lichens, or anamorphic form genera in which no teleomorphic state is known in the type species.
• [GENUS Author, Reference. – Bas. – Nom. syn. – Tax. syn. = Anamorph of. – Type species. – Substrata. – Number of lichenicolous species on foliicolous lichens. – Distribution].
  
= Anamorphic form genera which contain lichenicolous fungi on foliicolous lichens and in which a connection of the type species with a teleomorphic fungus has been established.
• [GENUS Author, Reference. = Valid name (with reference) or status. – Type species. = Valid name].
  
= Basionyms, synonyms, invalidly established names or genera which do not include lichenicolous fungi on foliicolous lichens.
• Species Author, Reference. – Bas. – Nom. syn. – Tax. syn. – Identified anamorph(s). – Type. – Exs. – Host(s). – Distribution.
  = Valid names of lichenicolous fungi on foliicolous lichens, or anamorphic form species in which no teleomorphic state is known; if different hosts are given, that present in the type material is indicated.
• [Species Author, Reference. – Bas. – Nom. syn. – Tax. syn. = Anamorph of. – Type. – Exs. – Host species. – Distribution].
  = Anamorphic form species of lichenicolous fungi on foliicolous lichens in which a connection with a teleomorphic fungus has been established; according to dual nomenclature in fungi, these taxa are treated separately with respect to data such as distribution but biologically form an entity together with the teleomorph.
• [Species Author, Reference. – (Type.) = Valid name (reference)].
  
= Basionyms, synonyms, invalidly established names or species which do not represent lichenicolous fungi on foliicolous lichens.

Names of species which have been mentioned in recent publications as "ined." or "ad int." are included as not accepted until a valid description is provided. Types seen by at least one of the authors of this checklist are marked with an exclamation mark (!). Exsiccata are listed according to editors in alphabetical order, with the names by which species were distributed given in [parentheses] when appropriate. Notes on Distribution use the four main tropical regions, i.e. tropical America, Africa, Asia and Australia, and Europe as major units.

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CHECKLIST OF LICHENICOLOUS FUNGI ON FOLIICOLOUS LICHENS UP TO OCTOBER 2000:

 

[ALYSIA Cavalc. & A. A. Silva in Cavalcante et al., Publ. Inst. Micol. Fed. Pernambuco 647: 32 (1972). = VOUAUXIELLA Petr. & H. Syd., see Sutton, The Coelomycetes: 24 (1980). – Type species: Alysia pithospora Cavalc. & A. A. Silva. = Vouauxiella pithospora (Cavalc. & A. A. Silva) B. Sutton].

[Alysia pithospora Cavalc. & A. A. Silva in Cavalcante et al., Publ. Inst. Micol. Fed. Pernambuco 647: 34 (1972). = Vouauxiella pithospora (Cavalc. & A. A. Silva) B. Sutton].

AMPULLIFERA Deight., Mycol. Pap. 78: 36 (1960). – Tax. syn.: AMPULLIFERELLA Bat. & Cavalc.; AMPULLIFEROPSIS Bat. & Cavalc. – Type species: Ampullifera foliicola Deight. (holotype). – Systematic position: Fungi Imperfecti, Hyphomycetes, see Hawksworth, Bull. Br. Mus. Nat. Hist. (Bot.) 6: 195 (1979). – Biology: Lichenicolous. – Number of lichenicolous species on foliicolous lichens: 6. – Distribution: Tropical America and Africa, Europe.

[Ampullifera amoeboides (Bat. & Cavalc.) D. Hawksw., Bull. Br. Mus. Nat. Hist. (Bot.) 6: 197 (1979). – Bas.: Ampulliferella amoeboides Bat. & Cavalc. – Tax. syn.: Ampulliferopsis myriapoda Bat. & Cavalc. – Teleomorph: Teratoschaeta rondoniensis Bat. & Fonseca, see Hawksworth, Bull. Br. Mus. Nat. Hist. (Bot.) 6: 199 (1979); Lücking, unpubl. observ. (1999). – Type: Brazil, Batista s.n. (URM 27512, holotype!). – Host(s): Opegraphaceae [Mazosia tumidula (Stirt.) Müll. Arg. (holotype), Mazosia spp.], partly unidentified. – Distribution: Tropical America (Panama, Brazil)].

[Ampullifera brasiliensis Deight., Mycol. Pap. 101: 28 (1965). – Type: Brazil, Soares s.n. (URM 18794a, holotype, not seen; IMI 83230b, type fragment on slides, not seen). = Ampullifera hippocrateacearum (Bat. & Cavalc.) D. Hawksw., see Hawksworth, Bull. Br. Mus. Nat. Hist. (Bot.) 6: 201 (1979)].

Ampullifera foliicola Deight., Mycol. Pap. 78: 36 (1960) ; Hawksworth, Bull. Br. Mus. Nat. Hist. (Bot.) 6: 199 (1979). – Type: Ghana, Tinsley s.n. (IMI 55448d, holotype, not seen). – Exs.: Santesson, Fungi Lichenicoli Exs. 51. – Host(s): Opegraphaceae [Mazosia sp.], Gomphillaceae [Tricharia sp. (holotype)], Pilocarpaceae [Byssoloma leucoblepharum (Nyl.) Vain., B. subdiscordans (Nyl.) P. James], Ectolechiaceae [Calopadia sp., Sporopodium spp.]. – Distribution: Tropical America and Africa, Europe (France, Portugal: Madeira).

Ampullifera hippocrateacearum (Bat. & Cavalc.) D. Hawksw., Bull. Br. Mus. Nat. Hist. (Bot.) 6: 201 (1979). – Bas.: Ampulliferopsis hippocrateacearum Bat. & Cavalc. – Tax. syn.: Ampullifera brasiliensis Deight. – Type: Brazil, Maria s.n. (URM 28638, holotype, not seen). – Host(s): Opegraphaceae [Mazosia spp. (holotype)], unidentified. – Distribution: Tropical America (Brazil).

Ampullifera leonensis Deight., Mycol. Pap. 78: 41 (1960); Hawksworth, Bull. Br. Mus. Nat. Hist. (Bot.) 6: 203 (1979). – Type: Sierra Leone, Deighton M2010 (IMI 7664b, holotype, not seen). – Host(s): Unidentified. – Distribution: Tropical Africa (Sierra Leone).

Ampullifera pirozynskii D. Hawksw., Bull. Br. Mus. Nat. Hist. (Bot.) 6: 203 (1979). – Type: Tanzania, Pirozynski M403d (IMI 106630d, holotype, not seen). – Host(s): Unidentified. – Distribution: Tropical Africa (Tanzania).

Ampullifera ugandensis Deight., Mycol. Pap. 78: 39 (1960); Hawksworth, Bull. Br. Mus. Nat. Hist. (Bot.) 6: 205 (1979). – Type: Uganda, Hansford 2951 (IMI 25518d, holotype, not seen). – Host(s): Unidentified. – Distribution: Tropical Africa (Uganda).

[AMPULLIFERELLA Bat. & Cavalc., Port. Acta Biol. B, 7: 348 (1964). = AMPULLIFERA Deight., see Hawksworth, Bull. Br. Mus. Nat. Hist. (Bot.) 6: 195 (1979). – Type species: Ampulliferella amoeboides Bat. & Cavalc. (holotype). = Ampullifera amoeboides (Bat. & Cavalc.) D. Hawksw.].

[Ampulliferella amoeboides Bat. & Cavalc., Port. Acta Biol. B, 7: 348 (1964). = Ampullifera amoeboides (Bat. & Cavalc.) D. Hawksw.].

[AMPULLIFEROPSIS Bat. & Cavalc., Port. Acta Biol. B, 7: 349 (1964). = AMPULLIFERA Deight., see Hawksworth, Bull. Br. Mus. Nat. Hist. (Bot.) 6: 195 (1979). – Type species: Ampulliferopsis myriapoda Bat. & Cavalc. (holotype). = Ampullifera amoeboides (Bat. & Cavalc.) D. Hawksw.].

[Ampulliferopsis hippocrateacearum Bat. & Cavalc., Port. Acta Biol. B, 7: 353 (1964). = Ampullifera hippocrateacearum (Bat. & Cavalc.) D. Hawksw.].

[Ampulliferopsis myriapoda Bat. & Cavalc., Port. Acta Biol. B, 7: 351 (1964). – Type: Brazil, Maria s.n. (URM 27525, holotype, not seen). = Ampullifera amoeboides (Bat. & Cavalc.) D. Hawksw., see Hawksworth, Bull. Br. Mus. Nat. Hist. (Bot.) 6: 197 (1979)].

ARTHONIA Ach., Neues J. Bot., Erfurt, 1: 3 (1806); nom. cons. – Identified anamorph(s): HELICOBOLOMYCES Matzer. – Tax. syn.: BRYOSTIGMA Poelt & Döbb. – Type species (corticolous): Arthonia radiata (Pers.) Ach. (lectotype). – Systematic position: Arthoniales, Arthoniaceae (type genus). – Biology: Mostly lichenized, partly lichenicolous. – Number of lichenicolous species on foliicolous lichens: 10. – Distribution: Cosmopolitan.

Arthonia atropunctata Vain., Ann. Acad. Sci. Fenn., ser. A, 15: 314 (1921). – Type: Philippines (Luzon), Robinson s.n. (TUR-Vainio 29019, holotype, not seen). – Host(s): Gomphillaceae [unidentified (holotype), Echinoplaca spp.]. – Distribution: Tropical America and Asia.

Arthonia cinnabarinula Müll. Arg., Flora 64: 234 (1881). – Tax. syn.: Cryptodiscus aurantiacoruber Rehm. – Identified anamorph(s): Helicobolomyces lichenicola Matzer. – Type: Brazil, Puiggari 384 (G, holotype, not seen). – Host(s): Trichotheliaceae [Porina cf. tetramera (Malme) R. Sant. (holotype of Arthonia cinnabarinula), P. epiphylla (Fée) Fée (holotype of Cryptodiscus aurantiacoruber and Helicobolomyces lichenicola), Porina epiphylla group, Trichothelium spp.]. – Distribution: Tropical America and Asia.

Arthonia cryptotheciae R. Sant. ex Matzer & R. Sant. in Grube et al., Lichenologist 27: 33 (1995); Matzer, Mycol. Pap. 171: 38 (1996). – Type: Trinidad & Tobago (Trinidad), Thaxter s.n. (UPS, holotype, not seen). – Exs.: Lücking, Lich. Fol. Exs. 9 [under Cryptothecia candida (Kremp.) R. Sant]. – Host(s): Arthoniaceae [Cryptothecia candida (Kremp.) R. Sant. (holotype)]. – Distribution: Tropical America (Central America, Antilles).

[Arthonia exilis f. inundata Vain., Medd. Soc. Fauna Fl. Fenn. 10: 162 (1883). = Neocoleroa inundata (Vain.) Diederich].

Arthonia intermedia Matzer, Mycol. Pap. 171: 41 (1996). – Type: Costa Rica, Matzer & Pelzmann 1457 (GZU, holotype, not seen). – Host(s): Trichotheliaceae [Porina epiphylla group, Phyllophiale alba R. Sant. (holotype)]. – Distribution: Pantropical.

[Arthonia leucodonthis (Döbb. & Poelt) Coppins, Lichenologist 21: 203 (1989). – Bas.: Bryostigma leucodonthis Döbb. & Poelt. = Arthonia muscigena Th. Fr.].

[Arthonia mazosiae R. Sant., Symb. Bot. Ups. 12(1): 75 (1952); nom. inval., ICBN Art. 36.1-2; nom. illeg., ICBN Art. 53.1, non A. mazosia (Massal.) Willey, Synopsis Genus Arthonia: 40 (1890). = A. mazosiicola Matzer & R. Sant.].

Arthonia mazosiicola Matzer & R. Sant. in Grube et al., Lichenologist 27: 37 (1995). – Nom. syn.: Arthonia mazosiae R. Sant., nom. inval. et illeg. – Type: Indonesia (Java), Nyman 2a (UPS, holotype, not seen). – Host(s): Opegraphaceae [Mazosia phyllosema (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (holotype), Mazosia spp.]. – Distribution: Tropical America and Asia.

Arthonia microsticta Vain., J. Bot. 34: 264 (1896). – Nom. syn.: Arthoniopsis microsticta (Vain.) Zahlbr. – Type: Lesser Antilles (Dominica), Elliott 517 (TUR-Vainio 29017, holotype, not seen). – Incorrect exs.: Vezda, Lich. Sel. Exs. 1676, is Arthonia muscigena Th. Fr. – Host(s): ?Pilocarpaceae [?Fellhanera bouteillei (Desm.) Vezda (holotype)]. – Distribution: Tropical America (Lesser Antilles: Dominica).

[Arthonia muscigena Th. Fr.; Sérusiaux, Lichenologist 28: 220 (1996). – Tax. syn.: Bryostigma leucodontis Döbb. & Poelt [= Arthonia leucodontis (Döbb. & Poelt) Coppins]. – Type: Not seen. – Exs.: Vezda, Lich. Sel. Exs. 1676 [as Arthonia microsticta Vain.]. – Host(s): Bacidina spp. [= Woessia spp.] when lichenicolous, otherwise muscicolous or lichenized. – Distribution: Europe].

Arthonia pseudopegraphina Matzer, Mycol. Pap. 171: 46 (1996). – Type: Brazil, Kalb s.n. (hb. Kalb, holotype, not seen; GZU, IMI, isotypes, not seen). – Host(s): Opegraphaceae [Mazosia rotula (Mont.) Massal. (holotype), Mazosia spp.]. – Distribution: Tropical America.

Arthonia santessonii Matzer, Mycol. Pap. 171: 49 (1996). – Type: Indonesia (Java), Nyman s.n. (UPS, holotype; GZU, isotype, not seen). – Host(s): Trichotheliaceae [Porina cf. applanata Vain. (holotype), P. epiphylla group]. – Distribution: Pantropical.

Arthonia subvelutinae (Vain.) R. Sant., Symb. Bot. Ups. 12(1): 75 (1952). – Bas.: Naevia subvelutinae Vain. – Type: Lesser Antilles (St. John), Raunkiaer 559 (TUR-Vainio 29053, holotype, not seen). – Host(s): Ectolechiaceae [Sporopodium phyllocharis (Mont.) Massal. (holotype), Sporopodium spp.]. – Distribution: Tropical America (Central America, Antilles).

[ARTHONIOPSIS Müll. Arg., Lichenes Epiphylli Novi: 17 (1890). = ARTHONIA Ach., see Santesson, Symb. Bot. Ups. 12(1): 69 (1952). – Type species: Arthoniopsis accolens (Stirt.) Müll. Arg. = Arthonia accolens Stirt.].

[Arthoniopsis microsticta (Vain.) Zahlbr., Catal. Lich. Univ. 2: 140 (1924). = Arthonia microsticta Vain.].

[ARTHOTHELIUM Massal., Richerche sull' Autonomia dei Licheni Crostosi: 54 (1852). = Excluded, no lichenicolous species on foliicolous lichens known].

[Arthothelium bunchosiae (Rehm) R. Sant., Symb. Bot. Ups. 12(1): 53 (1952). = Trichophyma bunchosiae Rehm].

[ASCOHANSFORDIELLOPSIS D. Hawksw., Bull. Br. Mus. Nat. Hist. (Bot.) 6: 221 (1979). = KOORDERSIELLA Höhn., see Eriksson & Hawksworth, Syst. Ascomycetum 6: 134 (1987). – Type species: Ascohansfordiellopsis deightonii D. Hawksw. (holotype). = Koordersiella deightonii (D. Hawksw.) D. Hawksw. & O. E. Erikss.].

[Ascohansfordiellopsis deightonii D. Hawksw., Bull. Brit. Mus. Bot. 6: 221 (1979). = Koordersiella deightonii (D. Hawksw.) D. Hawksw. & O. E. Erikss.].

[Ascohansfordiellopsis insectivora (Hansf.) D. Hawksw., Bull. Brit. Mus. Bot. 6: 224 (1979). = Koordersiella insectivora (Hansf.) D. Hawksw. & O. E. Erikss.].

[AULAXINA Fée, Essai sur les Cryptogames des Écorces Exotiques Officinales: LX, XCIV (1824). = Excluded, no lichenicolous species on foliicolous lichens known].

[Aulaxina velata Müll. Arg., Flora 73: 191 (1890). = Opegrapha velata (Müll. Arg.) Vain.].

[BRYOSTIGMA Poelt & Döbb., Plant Syst. Evol. 131: 212 (1979). = ARTHONIA Ach., see Coppins, Lichenologist 21: 203 (1989). – Type species: Bryostigma leucodontis Poelt & Döbb. = Arthonia muscigena Th. Fr.].

[Bryostigma leucodontis Poelt & Döbbeler, Plant Syst. Evol. 131: 212 (1979). – Type: Austria, Döbbeler & Poelt 2777 (GZU, holotype, not seen). = Arthonia muscigena Th. Fr., see Coppins, Lichenologist 21: 203 (1989); Sérusiaux, Lichenologist 28: 220 (1996)].

[CHAETOSPHAERIA Tul. & C. Tul., Sel. Fung. Carp. 2: 252 (1863). = Excluded, no lichenicolous species on foliicolous lichens known].

[Chaetosphaeria insectivora Hansf., Proc. Linn. Soc. London 157: 185 (1946). = Koordersiella insectivora (Hansf.) D. Hawksw. & O. E. Erikss.].

[CHAETOTHYRIOLUM Speg., Bol. Acad. Nac. Cienc. Cordoba 23: 522 (1919). = Nom. dub., see Santesson, Symb. Bot. Ups. 12(1): 53 (1952); Hawksworth, Bull. Br. Mus. Nat. Hist. (Bot.) 9: 75 (1981)].

[Chaetothyriolum puiggarii Speg., Bol. Acad. Nac. Cienc. Cordoba 23: 522 (1919). = Nom. dub., see Santesson, Symb. Bot. Ups. 12(1): 53 (1952); Hawksworth, Bull. Br. Mus. Nat. Hist. (Bot.) 9: 75 (1981)].

[CHLOROCYPHELLA Speg., An. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires 19: 279 (1909); nom. rej. prop., see Lücking et al., Taxon 49: 558 (2000). = ?CALOPADIA Vezda, see Kalb & Vezda, Folia Geobot. Phytotax., Praha, 22: 309 (1987); Lücking et al., Taxon 49: 559 (2000). – Type species: Chlorocyphella subtropica Speg. (holotype). = ?Calopadia sp.].

[Chlorocyphella aeruginascens (P. Karst.) Keissl., Ann. Naturh. Mus. Wien 41: 159 (1927). – Bas.: Cyphella aeruginascens P. Karst. = Calopadia sp. or Tapellaria sp.].

[Chlorocyphella aeruginascens var. convoluta Keissl., Ann. Naturh. Mus. Wien 41: 161 (1927). – Type: Not seen. – Tax. syn.: Pyrenotrichum splitgerberi Mont. = Calopadia sp. or Tapellaria sp., see Santesson, Symb. Bot. Ups. 12(1): 49 (1952); Vezda, Folia Geobot. Phytotax., Praha, 21: 204 (1986)].

[Chlorocyphella aeruginascens var. cystidiifera Keissl., Ann. Naturh. Mus. Wien 41: 162 (1927). – Type: Solomon Isl. (not seen). – Tax. syn.: Pyrenotrichum splitgerberi Mont. = Calopadia phyllogena (Müll. Arg.) Vezda, see Hawksworth, Bull. Br. Mus. Nat. Hist. (Bot.) 9: 75 (1981); Vezda, Folia Geobot. Phytotax., Praha, 21: 204 (1986)].

[Chlorocyphella aeruginascens var. staurospora Keissl., Ann. Naturh. Mus. Wien 41: 162 (1927). – Type: Not seen. – Nom. syn.: Pyrenotrichum staurosporum (Keissl.) R. Sant. = Lasioloma sp., see Santesson, Symb. Bot. Ups. 12(1): 41 (1952); Vezda, Folia Geobot. Phytotax., Praha, 21: 204 (1986)].

[Chlorocyphella foliicola (Vain.) Keissl., Ann. Naturh. Mus. Wien 41: 159 (1927). – Bas.: Cyphella foliicola Vain. = Badimia sp.].

[Chlorocyphella subtropica Speg., An. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires 19: 279 (1909). – Type: not seen. = ?Calopadia sp., see Santesson, Symb. Bot. Ups. 12(1): 49 (1952); Vezda, Folia Geobot. Phytotax., Praha, 21: 204 (1986); Kalb & Vezda, Folia Geobot. Phytotax., Praha, 22: 309 (1987); Lücking et al., Taxon 49: 559 (2000)].

[CONIOTHYRIUM Corda, Icon. Fung. 4: 38 (1840). = Excluded, no lichenicolous species on foliicolous lichens known].

[Coniothyrium epiphyllum Vouaux, Bull. Trimest. Soc. Mycol. Fr. 30: 296 (1914). = Nom. dub., see Hawksworth, Bull. Br. Mus. Nat. Hist. (Bot.) 9: 75 (1981)].

[CRISTIDIUM R. Sant., Symb. Bot. Ups. 12(1): 357 (1952); nom. inval., ICBN Art. 36.1-2. = GYALECTIDIUM Müll. Arg. – Type species (designated): Cristidium pallidum R. Sant., nom. inval. = Gyalectidium filicinum Müll. Arg.].

[Cristidium pallidum R. Sant., Symb. Bot. Ups.a 12(1): 357 (1952), nom. inval., ICBN Art. 32, 36.1-2., 37, 43.1. – Type: not designated. = Gyalectidium filicinum Müll. Arg.].

[CRYPTODISCUS Corda, Icon. Fung. 2: 37 (1838). = Excluded, no lichenicolous species on foliicolous lichens known].

[Cryptodiscus aurantiacoruber Rehm, Hedwigia 39: 82 (1900). – Type: Brazil, Ule 863c (S, holotype, not seen). = Arthonia cinnabarinula Müll. Arg., see Matzer, Mycol. Pap. 171: 35 (1996)].

[CYPHELLA Fr., Syst. Mycol. 2: 201 (1822). = ALEURODISCUS Rabenh. ex Schröter, see Donk, Reinwartia 1: 210 (1951). = Excluded, no lichenicolous species on foliicolous lichens known].

[Cyphella aeruginascens P. Karst., Hedwigia 28: 191 (1889). – Type: Not seen. – Tax. syn.: Pyrenotrichum splitgerberi Mont. = Calopadia sp. or Tapellaria sp., see Santesson, Symb. Bot. Ups. 12(1): 50 (1952); Vezda, Folia Geobot. Phytotax., Praha, 21: 204 (1986)].

[Cyphella foliicola Vain., Ann. Acad. Sci. Fenn., ser. A, 15: 83 (1921). – Type: Philippines, Robinson s.n. (TUR-Vainio 21536, syntype, not seen). = Badimia sp., see Santesson, Symb. Bot. Ups. 12(1): 41 (1952); Vezda, Folia Geobot. Phytotax., Praha, 21: 204 (1986)].

[Cyphella subcyanea Ellis & Everh., J. Mycol. 2: 37 (1886). – Type: U.S.A. (Louisiana), Langlois 57 (NY, holotype, not seen; FH, isotype, not seen). – Tax. syn.: Pyrenotrichum splitgerberi Mont. = Calopadia sp. or Tapellaria sp., see Santesson, Symb. Bot. Ups. 12(1): 50 (1952); Sérusiaux, Bryologist 82: 92 (1979); Vezda, Folia Geobot. Phytotax., Praha, 21: 204 (1986)].

DICTYOPHRYNELLA Bat. & Cavalc., Port. Acta Biol. B, 7: 356 (1964); Hawksworth, Bull. Br. Mus. Nat. Hist. (Bot.) 6: 213 (1979). – Type species: Dictyophrynella bignoniacearum Bat. & Cavalc. (holotype). – Systematic position: Fungi Imperfecti, Hyphomycetes, see Hawksworth, Bull. Br. Mus. Nat. Hist. (Bot.) 6: 213 (1979). – Biology: Lichenicolous. – Number of lichenicolous species on foliicolous lichens: 1. – Distribution: Tropical America (Brazil).

Dictyophrynella bignoniacearum Bat. & Cavalc., Port. Acta Biol. B, 7: 356 (1964); Hawksworth, Bull. Br. Mus. Nat. Hist. (Bot.) 6: 213 (1979). – Type: Brazil, Maria 20144 (URM 28007, holotype, not seen). – Host(s): Unidentified. – Distribution: Tropical America (Brazil).

[DIDYMOPYROSTROMA Bat. & Cavalc., Anais Congr. Soc. Bot. Brasil 13: 473 (1964); nom. inval., ICBN Art. 32, 36-37. = LICHENOPELTELLA Höhn., see Lücking et al., Lichenologist 30: 162 (1998)].

[Didymopyrostroma xylopiae Bat. & Cavalc., Anais Congr. Soc. Bot. Brasil 13: 473 (1964); nom. inval., ICBN Art. 32, 36-37. = Lichenopeltella epiphylla R. Sant., see Lücking et al., Lichenologist 30: 162 (1998)].

ENTEROGRAPHA Fée, Essai sur les Cryptogames des Écorces Exotiques Officinales: 32, 57 (1824). – Type species (lichenized): Enterographa crassa (DC.) Fée. – Systematic position: Arthoniales, Opegraphaceae, see Santesson, Symb. Bot. Ups. 12(1): 104 (1952). – Biology: Mostly lichenized, very rarely lichenicolous. – Number of lichenicolous species on foliicolous lichens: 1. – Distribution: Cosmopolitan.

Enterographa mazosiae R. Sant. ex Matzer & R. Sant. in Matzer, Mycol. Pap. 171: 54 (1996). – Type: Papua New Guinea (New Guinea), Nyman 63a (UPS, holotype, not seen). – Host(s): Opegraphaceae [Mazosia spp.]. – Distribution: Tropical Asia.

EPIBRYON Döbbeler, Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München 14: 260 (1978). – Type species (hepaticolous): Epibryon plagiochilae (Gonz. Frag.) Döbbeler (holotype). – Systematic position: Dothideales, family uncertain, see Matzer, Mycol. Pap. 171: 102 (1996). – Biology: Predominantly hepaticolous and muscicolous, rarely lichenicolous or lichenized. – Distribution: Cosmopolitan.

Epibryon lichenicola Matzer, Mycol. Pap. 171: 102 (1996). – Type: Brazil, Kalb s.n. (hb. Kalb, holotype, not seen). – Host(s): Opegraphaceae [Mazosia spp.]. – Distribution: Tropical America and Africa.

[EPIPHORA Nyl., Flora 59: 238 (1876). = PLECTOCARPON Fée, see Santesson, The Lichens and Lichenicolous Fungi of Sweden and Norway: 171 (1993); excluded, no lichenicolous species on foliicolous lichens known].

[Epiphora phyllobathelii R. Sant., Symb. Bot. Ups. 12(1): 292 (1952); nom. inval., ICBN Art. 32, 36. = Opegrapha phyllobathelii Matzer & R. Sant.].

GYALIDEOPSIS Vezda, Folia Geobot. Phytotax., Praha, 7: 204 (1972); nom. cons. prop., see Lumbsch & Hawksworth, Taxon 36: 764 (1987). – Tax. syn.: DIPLOSCHISTELLA Vain. nom. rej. prop. – Type species (muscicolous): Gyalideopsis peruviana G. Merr. ex Vezda (holotype). – Systematic position: Ostropales, Gomphillaceae, see Vezda & Poelt, Folia Geobot. Phytotax., Praha, 22: 181 (1987). – Biology: Predominantly lichenized, rarely lichenicolous. – Number of lichenicolous species on foliicolous lichens: 3. – Distribution: Cosmopolitan.

Gyalideopsis cochlearifera Lücking & Sérus., Lichenologist 30: 543 (1998). – Type: Costa Rica, Lücking 97-1347 (ULM, holotype!). – Host(s): Gomphillaceae [Calenia spp. Echinoplaca spp., Tricharia spp.]. – Distribution: Pantropical.

Gyalideopsis epithallina Lücking, Bibl. Lichenol. 65: 66 (1997). – Type: Costa Rica, Lücking 92-2266 (ULM, holotype!). – Host(s): Gomphillaceae [Gyalideopsis vulgaris (Müll. Arg.) Lücking (holotype)]. – Distribution: Tropical America (Costa Rica).

Gyalideopsis parvula Hafellner & Vezda in Kalb & Vezda, Bibl. Lichenol. 29: 43 (1988); Lücking, Bibl. Lichenol. 65: 73 (1997). – Type: Costa Rica, Hafellner s.n. (GZU, holotype!; hb. Vezda, isotype!). – Host(s): Ectolechiaceae [Calopadia spp., Loflammia flammea (Müll. Arg.) Vezda, Logilvia gilva Müll. Arg., Tapellaria spp.]. – Distribution: Tropical America.

[HANSFORDIELLA S. Hughes, CMI Papers 47: 10 (1951). = Excluded, no lichenicolous species on foliicolous lichens known].

[Hansfordiella lichenicola Bat. & H. Maia, Publ. Inst. Micol. Univ. Recife 283: 27 (1960). = Hansfordiellopsis lichenicola (Bat. & H. Maia) Deight.].

[HANSFORDIELLOPSIS Deight., Mycol. Pap. 78: 33 (1960); Hawksworth, Bull. Br. Mus. Nat. Hist. (Bot.) 6: 220 (1979). = Anamorph of KOORDERSIELLA Höhn., see Eriksson & Hawksworth, Syst. Ascomycetum 6: 134 (1987). – Type species: Hansfordiellopsis lichenicola (Bat. & H. Maia) Deight. (holotype). = Anamorph of Koordersiella insectivora (D. Hawksw.) D. Hawksw. & O. E. Erikss. – Systematic position: Fungi Imperfecti, Hyphomycetes, see Hawksworth, Bull. Br. Mus. Nat. Hist. (Bot.) 6: 220 (1979). – Biology: Lichenicolous. – Number of lichenicolous species on foliicolous lichens: 5. – Distribution: Pantropical].

[Hansfordiellopsis aburiensis Deight., Mycol. Pap. 78: 34 (1960). – Type: Ghana, Tinsley s.n. (IMI 55448c, holotype, not seen). = Hansfordiellopsis lichenicola (Bat. & H. Maia) Deight., see Hawksworth, Bull. Br. Mus. Nat. Hist. (Bot.) 6: 224 (1979)].

[Hansfordiellopsis deightonii Bat. & Herr., Publ. Inst. Micol. Univ. Recife 283: 28 (1960). – Type: Brazil, Vasconcelos s.n. (URM 28063, holotype, not seen). = Hansfordiellopsis lichenicola (Bat. & H. Maia) Deight., see Hawksworth, Bull. Br. Mus. Nat. Hist. (Bot.) 6: 224 (1979)].

[Hansfordiellopsis elongata D. Hawksw., Bull. Br. Mus. Nat. Hist. (Bot.) 6: 221 (1979). = Anamorph of Koordersiella deightonii (D. Hawksw.) D. Hawksw. & O. E. Erikss., see Hawksworth, Bull. Br. Mus. Nat. Hist. (Bot.) 6: 221 (1979). – Type: Kenya, Maas Geesteranus 5794b (IMI 85643, holotype, not seen; UPS, isotype, not seen). – Host(s): Trichotheliaceae [Porina trichothelioides R. Sant. (holotype)]. – Distribution: Tropical Africa].

[Hansfordiellopsis lichenicola (Bat. & H. Maia) Deight., Mycol. Pap. 101: 31 (1965); Hawksworth, Bull. Br. Mus. Nat. Hist. (Bot.) 6: 224 (1979). – Bas.: Hansfordiella lichenicola Bat. & H. Maia; Hansfordiellopsis aburiensis Deight.; H. deightonii Bat. & Herr. = Anamorph of Koordersiella insectivora (Hansf.) D. Hawksw. & O. E. Erikss., see Bull. Br. Mus. Nat. Hist. (Bot.) 6: 224 (1979). – Type: Brazil, Soares s.n. (URM 18781, holotype, not seen). – Host(s): Asterothyriaceae [Asterothyrium rotuliforme (Müll. Arg.) Sérus.], Gomphillaceae [Bullatina aspidota (Vain.) Vezda & Poelt, Gyalectidium colchicum Vezda, Tricharia spp. (holotypes of Hansfordiellopsis lichenicola and H. deightonii)], unidentified (holotype of H. aburiensis). – Distribution: Pantropical, Europe (Portugal: Madeira, Georgia: Caucasus)].

Hansfordiellopsis minuta D. Hawksw., Bull. Br. Mus. Nat. Hist. (Bot.) 6: 227 (1979). – Type: Sierra Leone, Deighton M5364 (IMI 53373c, holotype, not seen). – Host(s): Unidentified. – Distribution: Tropical America (Panama) and Africa.

Hansfordiellopsis tenuissima D. Hawksw., Bull. Br. Mus. Nat. Hist. (Bot.) 6: 229 (1979). – Type: Ghana, Deighton CB1001 (IMI 99086b, holotype, not seen). – Host(s): Unidentified. – Distribution: Tropical Africa.

Hansfordiellopsis variegata D. Hawksw., Bull. Br. Mus. Nat. Hist. (Bot.) 6: 231 (1979). – Type: Uganda, Hansford 3260 (IMI 4778c, holotype, not seen). – Host(s): Gomphillaceae [Bullatina aspidota (Vain.) Vezda & Poelt (holotype)]. – Distribution: Tropical Africa.

[HELICOBOLOMYCES Matzer in Grube et al., Lichenologist 27: 28. (1995). = Anamorph of ARTHONIA Ach., see Grube et al., Lichenologist 27: 28 (1995); Matzer, Mycol. Pap. 171: 38 (1996). – Type: Helicobolomyces lichenicola Matzer (holotype). – Biology: Lichenicolous. – Number of lichenicolous species on foliicolous lichens: 1. – Distribution: Tropical America].

[Helicobolomyces lichenicola Matzer in Grube et al., Lichenologist 27: 28 (1995). – Type: Costa Rica, Matzer & Pelzmann 1512 (GZU, holotype, not seen). = Anamorph of Arthonia cinnabarinula Müll. Arg., see Matzer, Mycol. Pap. 171: 35 (1996). – Type: Costa Rica, Matzer & Pelzmann 1512 (GZU, holotype, not seen). – Host(s): Trichotheliaceae [Porina spp., Trichothelium sp.]. – Distribution: Tropical America.].

HEMIGRAPHA (Müll. Arg.) R. Sant. ex D. Hawksw., Kew Bull. 30: 191 (1975); Matzer, Mycol. Pap. 171: 104. – Bas.: MELANOGRAPHA sect. HEMIGRAPHA Müll. Arg. – Type species: Hemigrapha asteriscus (Müll. Arg.) R. Sant. ex D. Hawksw. (holotype). – Systematic position: Dothideales, Microthyriaceae, see Diederich & Matzer, Nord. J. Bot. (in press). – Biology: Lichenicolous. – Number of lichenicolous species on foliicolous lichens: 3. – Distribution: Pantropical.

Hemigrapha phaeospora Matzer & Lücking in Matzer, Mycol. Pap. 171: 105 (1996). – Type: Costa Rica, Lücking 91-7 (GZU, holotype, not seen). – Host(s): Strigulaceae [Strigula phyllogena (Müll. Arg.) R. C. Harris]. – Distribution: Tropical America.

Hemigrapha pilocarpacearum Cáceres & Lücking, Nova Hedwigia 70 (in press). – Type: Brazil, Cáceres 97-85 (URM, holotype!). – Host(s): Pilocarpaceae [Byssoloma minutissimum Kalb & Vezda; Fellhanera verrucifera Lücking]. – Distribution: Tropical America.

Hemigrapha strigulae Matzer, Mycol. Pap. 171: 107 (1996). – Type: Costa Rica, Matzer & Pelzmann 1395 (GZU, holotype!). – Host(s): Strigulaceae [Strigula spp.]. – Distribution: Tropical America and Africa.

Hemigrapha tenellula (Müll. Arg.) R. Sant. ex Matzer, Mycol. Pap. 171: 110 (1996); Santesson, Symb. Bot. Ups. 12(1): 208 (1952). – Bas.: Melanographa tenellula Müll. Arg. – Nom. syn.: Melaspilea tenellula (Müll. Arg.) Müll. Arg., non Melaspilea tenellula (Müll. Arg.) Vouaux, comb. inval.. – Type: Not specified, see Matzer, Mycol. Pap. 171: 111-113 (1996). – Exs.: Santesson, Fungi Lichenicoli Exs. 264. – Vezda, Lich. Sel. Exs. 2375 [as Opegrapha phylloporinae Müll. Arg.]. – Host(s): Trichotheliaceae [Porina epiphylla group, P. impressa R. Sant.]. – Distribution: Pantropical.

KERATOSPHAERA H. B. P. Upadhyay, Publ. Inst. Micol. Univ. Recife 402: 5 (1964); Matzer, Mycol. Pap. 171: 114 (1996). – Identified anamorph(s): SPHAEROMMA H. B. P. Upadhyay; SPORHAPLUS H. B. P. Upadhyay. – Type species: Keratosphaera batistae H. B. P. Upadhyay (holotype). – Systematic position: Dothideales, Dimeriaceae, see Matzer, Mycol. Pap. 171: 116 (1996). – Biology: Lichenicolous. – Number of lichenicolous species on foliicolous lichens: 4. – Distribution: Pantropical.

Keratosphaera batistae H. B. P. Upadhyay, Publ. Inst. Micol. Univ. Recife 402: 6 (1964). – Identified anamorph(s): Sphaeromma mazosiae H. B. P. Upadhyay; Sporhaplus rondoniensis H. B. P. Upadhyay. – Type: Brazil, Fonseca s.n. (URM 38673, holotype!). – Host(s): Opegraphaceae [Mazosia spp.]. – Distribution: Tropical America and Asia.

Keratosphaera dimerellae Matzer, Mycol. Pap. 171: 121 (1996). – Type: Costa Rica, Matzer & Pelzmann 1403 (GZU, holotype, not seen; IMI, USJ, isotypes, not seen). – Host(s): Gyalectaceae [Dimerella spp.]. – Distribution: Tropical America (Costa Rica).

Keratosphaera furcatiseta Matzer, Mycol. Pap. 171: 123 (1996). – Identified anamorph(s): Sphaeromma furcatiseta Matzer. – Type: Tanzania, Farkas 89104a (hb. Vezda, holotype, not seen). – Host(s): Trichotheliaceae [Porina epiphylla group]. – Distribution: Tropical Africa.

Keratosphaera porinae Matzer, Mycol. Pap. 171: 126 (1996). – Identified anamorph(s): Sphaeromma porinae Matzer. – Type: Brazil, Kalb s.n. (hb. Kalb, holotype, not seen; GZU, isotype, not seen). – Host(s): Trichotheliaceae [Porina epiphylla group, P. nitidula Müll. Arg.]. – Distribution: Tropical America and Australasia.

KOORDERSIELLA Höhn., Sitz.ber. Math.Nat. Kl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, ser. 1, 118: 833 (1909). – Tax. syn.: ASCOHANSFORDIELLOPSIS D. Hawksw. – Identified anamorph(s): HANSFORDIELLOPSIS Deight. – Type species: Koordersiella javanica Höhn. (holotype). – Systematic position: ?Sphaeriales, see Hawksworth, Bull. Br. Mus. Nat. Hist. (Bot.) 6: 221 (1979). – Biology: Lichenicolous. – Number of lichenicolous species on foliicolous lichens: 2. – Distribution: Pantropical.

Koordersiella deightonii (D. Hawksw.) D. Hawskw. & O. E. Erikss. in Eriksson & Hawksworth, Syst. Ascomycetum 6: 134 (1987); Matzer, Mycol. Pap. 171: 178 (1996). – Bas.: Ascohansfordiellopsis deightonii D. Hawksw. – Identified anamorph(s): Hansfordiellopsis elongata D. Hawksw. – Type: Kenya, Maas Geesteranus 5794b (IMI, holotype, not seen; UPS, isotype, not seen). – Host(s): Trichotheliaceae [Porina trichothelioides R. Sant.], ?Gomphillaceae. – Distribution: Tropical Africa (Kenya).

Koordersiella insectivora (Hansf.) D. Hawksw. & O. E. Erikss. in Eriksson & Hawksworth, Syst. Ascomycetum 6: 134 (1987). – Bas.: Chaetosphaeria insectivora Hansf. – Nom. syn.: Ascohansfordiellopsis insectivora (Hansf.) D. Hawksw. – Identified anamorph(s): Hansfordiellopsis lichenicola (Bat. & H. Maia) Deight. – Type: Uganda, Hansford 3381 (IMI 4249, holotype, not seen). – Host(s): Asterothyriaceae [Asterothyrium rotuliforme (Müll. Arg.) Sérus.]. – Distribution: Tropical Africa (Uganda).

Koordersiella javanica Höhn., Sitz.ber. Math.Nat. Kl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, ser. 1, 118: 834 (1909); Eriksson & Hawksworth, Syst. Ascomycetum 6: 133 (1987); Matzer, Mycol. Pap. 179 (1996). – Type: Indonesia (Java), s.col., s.n. (FH-Höhnel, holotype, not seen). – Host(s): Gomphillaceae (unidentified). – Distribution: Tropical Asia (Indonesia).

LANATOSPHAERA Matzer, Mycol. Pap. 171: 129 (1996). – Type species: L. porinicola Matzer (holotype). – Systematic position: Dothideales, family uncertain, see Matzer, Mycol. Pap. 171: 130 (1996). – Biology: Lichenicolous. – Number of lichenicolous species on foliicolous lichens: 2. – Distribution: Tropical America (Costa Rica).

Lanatosphaera dimerellae Matzer, Mycol. Pap. 171: 130 (1996). – Type: Costa Rica, Matzer & Pelzmann 1442 (GZU, holotype, not seen). – Host(s): Gyalectaceae [Dimerella epiphylla (Müll. Arg.) Malme]. – Distribution: Tropical America (Costa Rica).

Lanatosphaera porinicola Matzer, Mycol. Pap. 171: 131 (1996). – Type: Costa Rica, Matzer & Pelzmann 1422 (GZU, holotype, not seen; IMI, USJ, isotypes, not seen). – Host(s): Trichotheliaceae [Porina epiphylla (Fée) Fée]. – Distribution: Tropical America (Costa Rica).

[LEPTOSPHAERIA Ces. & de Not., Comment. Soc. Crittog. Ital. 1: 234 (1863). = Excluded, no lichenicolous species on foliicolous lichens known].

[Leptosphaeria porinae R. Sant., Symb. Bot. Ups. 12(1): 208, 237 (1952); nom. inval., ICBN Art. 32, 36. – Type: Not designated. = Pyrenidium zamiae (Müll. Arg.) Matzer, see Matzer, Mycol. Pap. 171: 152 (1996)].

[Leptosphaeria zamiae (Müll. Arg.) R. Sant., Symb. Bot. Ups. 12(1): 208 (1952). = Pyrenidium zamiae (Müll. Arg.) Matzer].

LICHENOPELTELLA Höhn., Sitz.ber. Math.Nat. Kl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, ser. 1, 128: 553 (1919); Matzer, Mycol. Pap. 171: 134 (1996). – Tax. syn.: ?MICROPELTOPSIS Vain.; DIDYMOPYROSTROMA Bat. & Cavalc., nom. inval. – Type species: Lichenopeltella maculans (Zopf) Höhn. (holotype). – Systematic position: Dothideales, Microthyriaceae, see Eriksson & Hawksworth, Syst. Ascomycetum 12: 94 (1993). – Biology: Saprophytic or lichenicolous. – Number of lichenicolous species on foliicolous lichens: 2. – Distribution: Pantropical.

Lichenopeltella epiphylla R. Sant., Thunbergia 6: 5 (1988); Matzer, Mycol. Pap. 171: 136 (1996). – Tax. syn.: Didymopyrostroma xylopiae Bat. & Cavalc., nom. inval. – Type: Australia, Tibell 12499a (UPS, holotype, not seen; GZU, isotype, not seen). – Exs.: Santesson, Fungi Lichenicoli Exs. 112 (isotype). – Host(s): Opegraphaceae [Mazosia spp.], Trichotheliaceae [Porina spp.]. – Distribution: Pantropical.

Lichenopeltella setifera Matzer, Mycol. Pap. 171: 140 (1996). – Type: Tanzania, Farkas 89117a (hb. Vezda, holotype, not seen). – Host(s): Bacidiaceae s.lat. [Bacidia spp. s. lat.]. – Distribution: Tropical America and Africa.

MAZOSIA Massal., Neagenea Lichenum: 9 (1854). – Type species: Mazosia rotula (Mont.) Massal. (holotype) – Systematic position: Arthoniales, Opegraphaceae, see Matzer, Mycol. Pap. 171: 56 (1996); Lücking & Matzer, Nova Hedwigia 63: 114 (1996). – Biology: Predominantly lichenized, very rarely lichenicolous. – Number of lichenicolous species on foliicolous lichens: 1. – Distribution: Pantropical.

Mazosia adelphoparasitica Matzer, Mycol. Pap. 171: 56 (1996). – Type: Costa Rica, Matzer & Pelzmann 1483 (GZU, holotype, not seen). – Host(s): Opegraphaceae [Mazosia rotula (Mont.) Massal.]. – Distribution: Tropical America.

[MELANOGRAPHA sect. HEMIGRAPHA Müll. Arg., Flora 65: 519 (1882). = HEMIGRAPHA (Müll. Arg.) R. Sant. ex D. Hawksw.].

[Melanographa tenellula Müll. Arg., Flora 66: 350 (1883). = Hemigrapha tenellula (Müll. Arg.) R. Sant. ex Matzer].

[MELASPILEA sect. HEMIGRAPHA (Müll. Arg.) Müll. Arg., Mem. Soc. Phys. Genève 29: 20 (1887). = HEMIGRAPHA (Müll. Arg.) R. Sant. ex D. Hawksw.].

[Melaspilea tenellula (Müll. Arg.) Müll. Arg., Mem. Soc. Phys. Genève 29: 20 (1887). = Hemigrapha tenellula (Müll. Arg.) R. Sant. ex D. Hawksw.].

[Melaspilea tenellula (Müll. Arg.) Vouaux, Bull. Soc. Mycol. France 29: 474 (1913); comb. inval., non Melaspilea tenellula (Müll. Arg.) Müll. Arg. = Hemigrapha tenellula (Müll. Arg.) R. Sant. ex D. Hawksw.].

[MICROPELTOPSIS Vain., Acta Soc. Fauna Fl. Fenn. 49: 218 (1921). = ?LICHENOPELTELLA Höhn., see Santesson, Nord. J. Bot. 9: 98 (1989); Matzer, Mycol. Pap. 171: 135 (1996). – Type species: Micropeltopsis cetrariicola (Nyl.) Vain. = Lichenopeltella cetrariicola (Nyl) R. Sant.].

[NAEVIA Fr. = ARTHONIA Ach.].

[Naevia subvelutinae Vain., Ann. Acad. Sci. Fenn., ser. A, 6: 182 (1915). = Arthonia subvelutinae (Vain.) R. Sant.].

NECTRIOPSIS Maire, Ann. Mycol. 9: 323 (1911). – Type species: Nectriopsis violacea (Fr.) Maire (holotype). – Systematic position: Hypocreales. – Biology: Fungicolous, rarely lichenicolous. – Number of lichenicolous species on foliicolous lichens: 1. – Distribution: Pantropical.

Nectriopsis porinicola Samuels, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 48: 43 (1988). – Type: Indonesia, Samuels 2155 (BO, holotype, not seen; NY, isotype, not seen). – Host(s): Trichotheliaceae [Porina epiphylla group]. – Distribution: Tropical Asia.

NEOCOLEROA Petr.; Barr, Mycotaxon 64: 155, 163-164 (1997); Diederich, Lejeunia (in press). – Type species: Neocoleroa sibirica Petr. – Systematic position: Dothideales, Pseudoperisporiaceae. – Biology: Saprophytic or lichenicolous. – Number of lichenicolous species on foliicolous lichens: 2 (with 2 subspecies). – Distribution: Cosmopolitan.

Neocoleroa inundata (Vain.) Diederich, Lejeunia (in press). – Bas.: Arthonia exilis f. inundata Vain. – Type: Finland, Vainio 28960 (TUR-Vainio, holotype!). – Host(s): Bacidiaceae [Bacidina spp. = Woessia spp.]. – Distribution: Europe.

Neocoleroa lichenicola (Hansf.) M. E. Barr subsp. lichenicola in Barr, Mycotaxon 64: 164 (1997); Matzer, Mycol. Pap. 171: 170 (1996). – Bas.: Dimeriella lichenicola Hansf. – Nom. syn.: Wentiomyces lichenicola (Hansf.) D. Hawksw. subsp. lichenicola. – Type: Uganda, Hansford 2977 (IMI 5725, syntype, not seen). – Host(s): Asterothyriaceae [Asterothyrium leucophthalmum (Müll. Arg.) R. Sant.]. – Distribution: Tropical Africa (Uganda).

Neocoleroa lichenicola subsp. bouteillei (Bricaud, Cl. Roux & Sérus.) M. E. Barr, Mycotaxon 64: 164 (1997). – Bas.: Wentiomyces lichenicola subsp. bouteillei Bricaud, Cl. Roux & Sérus. – Type: France, Bricaud s.n. (MARSSJ 21315, holotype, not seen). – Host(s): Pilocarpaceae [Byssoloma polychromum (Müll. Arg.) Zahlbr., Fellhanera bouteillei (Desm.) Vezda]. – Distribution: Tropical America and Europe.

[OCELLULARIA sect. PHYLLOPHTHALMARIA Müll. Arg. = PYRENIDIUM Nyl., see Matzer, Mycol. Pap. 171: 146 (1996). – Type species: Ocellularia zamiae Müll. Arg. (holotype). = Pyrenidium zamiae (Müll. Arg.) Matzer].

[Ocellularia zamiae Müll. Arg., Flora 66: 352 (1883). = Pyrenidium zamiae (Müll. Arg.) Matzer].

OPEGRAPHA Ach., Kongl. Vet. Akad. Nya Handl. 1809: 97 (1809), nomen cons. – Type species (corticolous): Opegrapha vulgata Ach. – Systematic position: Arthoniales, Opegraphaceae (type genus). – Biology: Mostly lichenized, partly lichenicolous. – Number of lichenicolous species on foliicolous lichens: 14. – Distribution: Cosmopolitan.

[Opegrapha bacidiae R. Sant., Symb. Bot. Ups. 12(1): 99 (1952); nom. inval., ICBN Art. 32, 36. – Type: Not designated. = Nom. dub., see Matzer, Mycol. Pap. 171: 181 (1996)].

Opegrapha cryptotheciae Matzer, Mycol. Pap. 171: 64 (1996). – Type: Jamaica, Thaxter s.n. (UPS, holotype, not seen). – Host(s): Arthoniaceae [Cryptothecia candida (Kremp.) R. Sant.]. – Distribution: Tropical America (Jamaica).

Opegrapha ectolechiacearum Matzer, Mycol. Pap. 171: 66 (1996). – Tax. syn.: O. sporopodii R. Sant., nom. inval. – Type: Ivory Coast, Santesson 10435a (UPS, holotype, not seen). – Host(s): Ectolechiaceae [Calopadia fusca (Müll. Arg.) Vezda., Loflammia flammea (Müll. Arg.) Vezda, Sporopodium spp. (holotype)]. – Distribution: Pantropical.

Opegrapha epiporina Matzer, Mycol. Pap. 171: 69 (1996). – Tax. syn.: O. porinae Lücking, nom. inval. – Type: Costa Rica, Matzer & Pelzmann 1476 (GZU, holotype, not seen). – Host(s): Trichotheliaceae [Porina epiphylla group, Phyllophiale alba R. Sant.]. – Distribution: Pantropical.

Opegrapha kalbii Matzer, Mycol. Pap. 171: 71 (1996). – Type: Brazil, Kalb. s.n. (hb. Kalb, holotype, not seen; GZU, isotype, not seen). – Host(s): Pilocarpaceae [Byssoloma polychromum (Müll. Arg.) Zahlbr.]. – Distribution: Tropical America (Brazil).

Opegrapha lichenicola Thor, Lücking & Matsumoto, Symb. Bot. Ups. 32(3): 49 (2000). – Type: Japan, Yoshimura 12869d (TNS, holotype!). – Host(s): Trichotheliaceae [Porina sp.]. – Distribution: Tropical Asia (Japan). NEW!

Opegrapha matzeri Lücking, Trop. Bryol. 15: 61 (1998). – Type: Guyana, Lücking 96-3562 (BRG, holotype!). – Host(s): Arthoniaceae [Amazonomyces sprucei (R. Sant.) Lücking, Sérus. & Thor]. – Distribution: Tropical America (Guyana). NEW!

Opegrapha mazosiae Matzer, Mycol. Pap. 171: 73 (1996). – Type: Costa Rica, Matzer & Pelzmann 1400 (GZU, holotype, not seen). – Host(s): Opegraphaceae [Mazosia spp.]. – Distribution: Tropical America and Africa.

Opegrapha phyllobathelii Matzer & R. Sant. in Matzer, Mycol. Pap. 171: 77 (1996). – Nom. syn.: Epiphora phyllobathelii R. Sant., nom. inval. – Type: Trinidad & Tobago (Trinidad), Thaxter 46 (UPS, holotype, not seen). – Host(s): Strigulaceae [Phyllobathelium epiphyllum (Müll. Arg.) Müll. Arg.]. – Distribution: Tropical America.

Opegrapha phylloporinae Müll. Arg., Flora 73: 193 (1890). – Type: Brazil, Puiggari 3033 (G, holotype, not seen). – Incorrect exs.: Vezda, Lich. Sel. Exs. 2375, is Hemigrapha tenellula (Müll. Arg.) R. Sant. ex Matzer. – Host(s): Trichotheliaceae [Porina epiphylla group]. – Distribution: Pantropical.

[Opegrapha porinae Lücking, Nova Hedwigia, Beih. 104: 30 (1992); nom. inval., ICBN Art. 32, 36-37. – Type: Not designated. = O. epiporina Matzer, see Matzer, Mycol. Pap. 171: 69 (1996)].

Opegrapha porinicola Matzer, Mycol. Pap. 171: 80 (1996). – Type: Ivory Coast, Santesson 10362d (UPS, holotype, not seen). – Host(s): Trichotheliaceae [Porina epiphylla (Fée) Fée, Phyllophiale alba R. Sant.]. – Distribution: Tropical America and Africa.

Opegrapha sipmanii Matzer, Mycol. Pap. 171: 83 (1996). – Type: Costa Rica, Matzer & Pelzmann 1504 (GZU, holotype, not seen; USJ, isotype, not seen). – Host(s): Trichotheliaceae [Porina epiphylla group]. – Distribution: Tropical America.

[Opegrapha "sporopodiae" R. Sant., Symb. Bot. Ups. 12(1): 99, 514 (1952). = Spelling error for O. sporopodii R. Sant.].

[Opegrapha sporopodii R. Sant. in Matzer, Mycol. Pap. 171: 66 (1996); nom. inval., ICBN Art. 32, 36. – Type: Not designated. = O. ectolechiacearum Matzer, see Matzer, Mycol. Pap. 171: 66 (1996)].

Opegrapha strigulae R. Sant. ex Matzer & R. Sant. in Matzer, Mycol. Pap. 171: 85 (1996); Santesson, Symb. Bot. Ups. 12(1): 99 (1952). – Type: Indonesia (Java), Massart 149 (UPS, holotype, not seen; GZU, isotype, not seen). – Host(s): Strigulaceae [Strigula spp.]. – Distribution: Tropical America and Australasia.

Opegrapha uniseptata Matzer, Mycol. Pap. 171: 87 (1996). – Type: Costa Rica, Matzer & Pelzmann 1402 (GZU, holotype, not seen; USJ, isotype, not seen). – Host(s): Strigulaceae [Strigula spp.]. – Distribution: Tropical America.

Opegrapha velata (Müll. Arg.) Vain., Catalogue of Welwitsch's African Plants 2: 444 (1901). – Bas.: Aulaxina velata Müll. Arg. – Type: Brazil, Puiggari 2673 (G, lectotype, not seen); Brazil, Puiggari 1515 (G, paratype, not seen). – Host(s): Gomphillaceae [Calenia spp., Echinoplaca spp., Gyalectidium spp., Gyalideopsis vulgaris (Müll. Arg.) Lücking, unidentified (paratype)]. – Distribution: Pantropical.

[Opegrapha velata (Müll. Arg.) R. Sant., Symb. Bot. Ups. 12(1): 99 (1952); comb. inval., non O. velata (Müll. Arg.) Vain.].

PARADOXOMYCES Matzer, Mycol. Pap. 171: 93 (1996). – Type species: Paradoxomyces nymanii Matzer (holotype). – Systematic position: Arthoniales, Arthoniaceae, see Matzer, Mycol. Pap. 171: 93 (1996). – Biology: Lichenicolous. – Number of lichenicolous species: 1. – Distribution: Tropical Asia.

Paradoxomyces nymanii Matzer, Mycol. Pap. 171: 94 (1996). – Type: Indonesia (Java), Nyman 87b (UPS, holotype). – Host(s): Strigulaceae [Strigula spp.]. – Distribution: Tropical Asia.

[PHAEOANTENNARIELLA Cavalc., Publ. Inst. Micol. Univ. Recife 633: 3 (1969). = Nom. dub., see Hawksworth, Bull. Br. Mus. Nat. Hist. (Bot.) 9: 78 (1981). – Type species: Phaeoantenariella lichenicola Cavalc. (holotype). = Nom. dub.].

[Phaeoantenariella lichenicola Cavalc., Publ. Inst. Micol. Univ. Recife 633: 3 (1969). – Type: Brazil., de Anchieta s.n. (URM 80709, holotype, not seen). = Nom. dub., see Hawksworth, Bull. Br. Mus. Nat. Hist. (Bot.) 9: 78 (1981)].

[PHYLLOPHTHALMARIA (Müll. Arg.) Zahlbr. in Engler & Prantl, Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien 1(1): 120 (1905). – Bas.: OCELLULARIA sect. PHYLLOPHTHALMARIA Müll. Arg. = PYRENIDIUM Nyl.].

[Phyllophthalmaria zamiae (Müll. Arg.) Zahlbr. in Engler & Prantl, Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien 1(1): 120 (1905). = Pyrenidium zamiae (Müll. Arg.) Matzer].

[PODOCONIS Boedjin, Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg, ser. 3, 13: 133 (1933). = SPORIDESMIUM Link; excluded, no lichenicolous species on foliicolous lichens known].

[Podoconis anacardii (Hansf.) S. Hughes, Mycol. Pap. 48: 65 (1952). = Teratosperma anacardii Hansf.].

POLYCOCCUM Saut ex Körb., Parerga Lichenologica: 470 (1865); Matzer, Mycol. Pap. 171: 142 (1996). – Type species: Polycoccum sauteri Körb. (holotype). = Polycoccum trypethelioides (Th. Fr.) R. Sant. – Systematic position: Dothideales, Dacampiaceae, see Hawksworth & Diederich, Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 90: 294 (1998). – Biology: Lichenicolous. – Number of lichenicolous species on foliicolous lichens: 2. – Distribution: Cosmopolitan.

Polycoccum epiphyllum Matzer, Mycol. Pap. 171: 143 (1996). – Type: Costa Rica, Matzer & Pelzmann 1426 (GZU, holotype, not seen). – Host(s): Trichotheliaceae [Trichothelium spp.]. – Distribution: Tropical America (Costa Rica).

Polycoccum serusiauxii Matzer, Mycol. Pap. 171: 144 (1996). – Type: Burundi, Reekmans 10636 (LG, holotype, not seen). – Host(s): Pilocarpaceae [Byssolecania sp.]. – Distribution: Tropical Africa (Burundi).

PYRENIDIUM Nyl., Flora 48: 210 (1865); Matzer, Mycol. Pap. 171: 146 (1996). – Tax. syn.: OCELLULARIA sect. PHYLLOPHTHALMARIA Müll. Arg. [= PHYLLOPHTHALMARIA (Müll. Arg.) Zahlbr.; PHYLLOPHTHALMARIA sect. EUPHYLLOPHTHALMARIA Zahlbr., nom. inval., ICBN Art. 32.1]. – Type species: Pyrenidium actinellum Nyl. (holotype). – Systematic position: Dothideales, Dacampiaceae, see Eriksson & Hawksworth, Syst. Ascomycetum 12: 73 (1993). – Biology: Lichenicolous. – Number of lichenicolous species on foliicolous lichens: 4. – Distribution: Cosmopolitan.

Pyrenidium cryptotheciae Matzer, Mycol. Pap. 171: 148 (1996). – Type: Trinidad & Tobago (Trinidad), Thaxter s.n. (UPS, holotype, not seen). – Host(s): Arthoniaceae [Cryptotheciae candida (Kremp.) R. Sant.]. – Distribution: Tropical America (Trinidad).

Pyrenidium santessonii Lücking, Trop. Bryol. 15: 64 (1998). – Type: Guyana, Lücking 96-4047 (BRG!). – Host(s): Pilocarpaceae ["Bacidia" psychotriae (Müll. Arg.) Zahlbr. (holotype), Bapalmuia spp.]. – Distribution: Tropical America.

Pyrenidium sporopodiorum Matzer, Mycol. Pap. 171: 149 (1996). – Type: Brazil, Malme 4057b (UPS, holotype, not seen). – Host(s): Ectolechiaceae [Sporopodium spp.]. – Distribution: Tropical America.

Pyrenidium zamiae (Müll. Arg.) Matzer, Mycol. Pap. 171: 152 (1996). – Bas.: Ocelluraria zamiae Müll. Arg. – Nom. syn.: Phyllophthalmaria zamiae (Müll. Arg.) Zahlbr.; Leptosphaeria zamiae (Müll. Arg.) R. Sant. – Tax. syn.: Leptosphaeria porinae R. Sant., nom. inval. – Type: Mexico, Galeottii 6216 (?G, holotype, not seen). – Host(s): Trichotheliaceae [Porina epiphylla group, Porina rufula group]. – Distribution: Tropical America and Asia.

[PYRENOTRICHUM Mont., Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. II, 20: 376 (1843); Santesson, Symb. Bot. Ups. 12(1): 49 (1952); Hawksworth, Bull. Br. Mus. Nat. Hist. (Bot.) 9: 59 (1981); nom. rej. prop., see Lücking et al., Taxon (in press). = Calopadia sp. or Tapellaria sp., see Kalb & Vezda, Folia Geobot. Phytotax., Praha, 22: 310 (1987)]. – Type species (lichenized): Pyrenotrichum splitgerberi Mont. (holotype). = Calopadia sp. or Tapellaria sp.].

[Pyrenotrichum atrocyaneum R. Sant., Symb. Bot. Ups. 12(1): 41 (1952); nom. inval., ICBN Art 32, 36. – Type: Not designated. = Nom. dub.].

[Pyrenotrichum bicolor R. Sant., Symb. Bot. Ups. 12(1): 41 (1952); nom. inval., ICBN Art 32, 36. – Type: Not designated. = Loflammia epiphylla (Fée) Lücking & Vezda, see Vezda, Folia Geobot. Phytotax., Praha, 21: 204 (1986); Lücking, Phyton (Horn, Austria) (in press)].

[Pyrenotrichum filiferum R. Sant., Symb. Bot. Ups. 12(1): 41 (1952); nom. inval., ICBN Art 32, 36. – Type: Not designated. – Tax. syn.: Pyrenotrichum splitgerberi Mont. = Calopadia vermiculifera (Vain.) Sérus., see Aptroot et al., Bibl. Lichenol. 64: 43 (1997)].

[Pyrenotrichum foliicola (Vain.) R. Sant., Symb. Bot. Ups. 12(1): 41 (1952). – Bas.: Cyphella foliicola Vain. = Badimia sp.].

[Pyrenotrichum irregulare R. Sant., Symb. Bot. Ups. 12(1): 41 (1952); nom. inval., ICBN Art 32, 36. – Type: Not designated. = Sporopodium sp., see Vezda, Folia Geobot. Phytotax., Praha, 21: 204 (1986)].

[Pyrenotrichum mirum R. Sant., Symb. Bot. Ups. 12(1): 41 (1952); nom. inval., ICBN Art 32, 36. – Type: Not designated. = Lopadium tayabasense (Vain.) Zahlbr., see Aptroot et al., Bibl. Lichenol. 64: 44 (1997)].

[Pyrenotrichum splitgerberi Mont., Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. II, 20: 377 (1843); Santesson, Symb. Bot. Ups. 12(1): 41 (1952); Hawksworth, Bull. Br. Mus. Nat. Hist. (Bot.) 9: 60 (1979). – Type: Surinam (P, holotype, not seen; PR, isotype, not seen). = Calopadia sp. or Tapellaria sp., see Kalb & Vezda, Folia Geobot. Phytotax., Praha, 22: 310 (1987)].

[Pyrenotrichum staurosporum (Keissl.) R. Sant., Symb. Bot. Ups. 12(1): 41 (1952); Hawksworth, Bull. Br. Mus. Nat. Hist. (Bot.) 9: 62 (1979). – Bas.: Chlorocyphella aeruginascens var. staurospora Keissl. = Lasioloma sp.].

ROSELLINIELLA Vain., Acta Soc. Faun Fl. Fenn. 49: 214 (1921). – Type species: Roselliniella nephromatis (Crouan) Matzer & Haf. (lectotype). –Systematic position: Sordariales, incertae sedis, see Matzer & Hafellner, Bibl. Lichenol. 37: 26 (1990). – Biology: Lichenicolous. – Number of lichenicolous species on foliicolous lichens: 2. – Distribution: Cosmopolitan.

Roselliniella epiphylla Matzer & Haf., Bibl. Lichenol. 37: 71 (1990). – Type: Costa Rica, Hafellner 19859 (GZU, holotype, not seen). – Host(s): Ectolechiaceae [Sporopodium cf. leprieurii Mont. (holotype), Sporopodium spp.]. – Distribution: Tropical America, Asia and Australia.

Roselliniella oxyspora Matzer & R. Sant. in Matzer & Hafellner, Bibl. Lichenol. 37: 84 (1990). – Type: Tanzania, Santesson 23166 (UPS, holotype, not seen). – Host(s): Coccocarpiaceae [Coccocarpia erythroxyli (Spreng.) Swinsc. & Krog (holotype), potentially foliicolous Coccocarpia spp.]. – Distribution: Tropical America and Africa.

ROSELLINIOMYCES Matzer & Haf., Bibl. Lichenol. 37: 91 (1990). – Type species: Roselliniomyces trichotheliorum Matzer & Haf. (holotype). – Systematic position: Sordariales, incertae sedis, see Matzer & Hafellner, Bibl. Lichenol. 37: 26 (1990). – Biology: Lichenicolous. – Number of lichenicolous species on foliicolous lichens: 1. – Distribution: Tropical America (Costa Rica).

Roselliniomyces trichotheliorum Matzer & Haf., Bibl. Lichenol. 37: 92 (1990). – Type: Costa Rica, Hafellner 6159 (GZU, holotype, not seen). – Host(s): Trichotheliaceae [Trichothelium epiphyllum Müll. Arg. (holotype)]. – Distribution: Tropical America (Costa Rica).

SESSILIOSPORA D. Hawksw., Bull. Br. Mus. Nat. Hist. (Bot.) 6: 250 (1979). – Type species: Sessiliospora bicolor D. Hawksw. (holotype). – Systematic position: Fungi Imperfecti, Hyphomycetes, see Hawksworth, Bull. Br. Mus. Nat. Hist. (Bot.) 6: 250 (1979). – Biology: Lichenicolous. – Number of lichenicolous species on foliicolous lichens: 1. – Distribution: Tropical Asia.

Sessiliospora bicolor D. Hawksw., Bull. Br. Mus. Nat. Hist. (Bot.) 6: 251 (1979). – Type: Malaysia (Malaya), Johnston 478 (IMI 41011c, holotype, not seen). – Host(s): Ectolechiaceae [Lasioloma arachnoideum (Kremp.) R. Sant. (holotype)]. – Distribution: Tropical Asia.

[SPHAEROMMA H. B. P. Upadhyay, Publ. Inst. Micol. Univ. Recife 402: 4 (1964). = Anamorph of KERATOSPHAERA H. B. P. Upadhyay, see Matzer, Mycol. Pap. 171: 115 (1996). – Type species: Sphaeromma mazosiae H. B. P. Upadhyay (holotype). = Anamorph of Keratosphaera batistae H. B. P. Upadhyay. – Systematic position: Fungi Imperfecti, Coelomycetes, see Matzer, Mycol. Pap. 171: 115 (1996). – Biology: Lichenicolous. – Number of lichenicolous species on foliicolous lichens: 3. – Distribution: Pantropical].

[Sphaeromma furcatiseta Matzer, Mycol. Pap. 171: 125 (1996). = Anamorph of Keratosphaera furcatiseta Matzer, see Matzer, Mycol. Pap. 171: 125 (1996). – Type: Ivory Coast, Aké Assi s.n. (GZU, holotype, not seen). – Host(s): Trichotheliaceae [Porina epiphylla (Fée) Fée (holotype), P. epiphylla group]. – Distribution: Tropical Africa].

[Sphaeromma mazosiae H. B. P. Upadhyay, Publ. Inst. Micol. Univ. Recife 402: 4 (1964). = Anamorph of Keratosphaera batistae H. B. P. Upadhyay, see Matzer, Mycol. Pap. 171: 117 (1996). – Type: Brazil, Fonseca s.n. (URM 38672, holotype!). – Host(s): Opegraphaceae [Mazosia sp. (holotype)]. – Distribution: Tropical America].

[Sphaeromma porinae Matzer, Mycol. Pap. 171: 127 (1996). = Anamorph of Keratosphaera porinae Matzer, see Matzer, Mycol. Pap. 171: 127 (1996). – Type: Costa Rica, Matzer & Pelzmann 1432 (GZU, holotype, not seen). – Host(s): Trichotheliaceae [Porina epiphylla (Fée) Fée (holotype), P. epiphylla group, P. nitidula Müll. Arg.]. – Distribution: Tropical America and Australia].

[SPORHAPLUS H. B. P. Upadhyay, Publ. Inst. Micol. Univ. Recife 402: 7 (1964). = Anamorph of KERATOSPHAERA H. B. P. Upadhyay, see Matzer, Mycol. Pap. 171: 114 (1996). – Type species: Sporhaplus rondoniensis H. B. P. Upadhyay (holotype). = Anamorph of Keratosphaera batistae H. B. P. Upadhyay. – Systematic position: Fungi Imperfecti, Coelomycetes, see Matzer, Mycol. Pap. 171: 114 (1996). – Biology: Lichenicolous. – Number of lichenicolous species on foliicolous lichens: 1. – Distribution: Tropical America and Asia].

[Sporhaplus rondondiensis H. B. P. Upadhyay, Publ. Inst. Micol. Univ. Recife 402: 7 (1964). = Anamorph of Keratosphaera batistae H. B. B. Upadhyay, see Matzer, Mycol. Pap. 171: 117 (1996). – Type: Brazil, Fonseca s.n. (URM 38674, holotype!). – Host(s): Opegraphaceae [Mazosia sp. (holotype), Mazosia spp.]. – Distribution: Tropical America and Asia].

STIGMIDIUM Trevis., Conspectus Verrucarinarum: 17 (1860); Matzer, Mycol. Pap. 171: 155 (1996). – Type species: S. schaereri (Massal.) Trevis. (holotype). – Systematic position: ?Verrucariales, uncertain position, see Roux & Triebel, Bull. Soc. Linn. Provence 45: 535-538 (1994). – Biology: Lichenicolous. – Number of lichenicolous species on foliicolous lichens: 6. – Distribution: Cosmopolitan.

Stigmidium calopadiae Matzer, Mycol. Pap. 171: 157 (1996). – Type: Brazil, Gottsberger et al. s.n. (GZU, holotype, not seen). – Host(s): Ectolechiaceae [Calopadia cf. subcoerulescens (Zahlbr.) Vezda (holotype), Calopadia sp.]. – Distribution: Tropical America and Australia.

Stigmidium epiphyllum Matzer, Mycol. Pap. 171: 159 (1996). – Type: Brazil, Kalb s.n. (hb. Kalb, holotype, not seen). – Host(s): Gomphillaceae [Gyalideopsis vulgaris (Müll. Arg.) Lücking (holotype), Echinoplaca spp.]. – Distribution: Tropical America and Asia.

Stigmidium porinae Matzer, Mycol. Pap. 171: 161 (1996). – Type: Costa Rica, Matzer & Pelzmann 1494 (GZU, holotype, not seen). – Host(s): Trichotheliaceae [Porina epiphylla (Fée) Fée (holotype), P. epiphylla group]. – Distribution: Tropical America and Asia.

Stigmidium schizosporum Matzer, Mycol. Pap. 163 (1996). – Type: Australia, Hafellner & Stevens 19906a (GZU, holotype, not seen). – Host(s): Trichotheliaceae [Porina similis Kalb & Vezda (holotype)]. – Distribution: Tropical Australia.

Stigmidium trichotheliorum Matzer, Mycol. Pap. 171: 164 (1996). – Type: Costa Rica, Matzer & Pelzmann 1497 (GZU, holotype, not seen; UPS, USJ, isotypes, not seen). – Host(s): Trichotheliaceae [Trichothelium cf. epiphyllum Müll. Arg. (holotype), Trichothelium spp.]. – Distribution: Tropical America (Costa Rica).

Stigmidium vezdae Matzer, Mycol. Pap. 171: 167 (1996). – Type: Georgia, Vezda s.n. (hb. Vezda, holotype, not seen). – Host(s): Bacidiaceae s. lat. [Bacidia colchica Vezda (holotype)]. – Distribution: Asia (Colchis).

TERATOSCHAETA Bat. & O. M. Fonseca, Atas Inst. Micol. Univ. Recife 4: 56 (1967). – Type species: Teratoschaeta rondoniensis Bat. & O. M. Fonseca (holotype). – Systematic position: Sordariales, incertae sedis, see Lücking (unpubl). – Biology: Lichenicolous. – Number of lichenicolous species on foliicolous lichens: 1. – Distribution: Tropical America (Brazil).

Teratoschaeta rondoniensis Bat. & O. M. Fonseca, Atas Inst. Micol. Univ. Recife 4: 57 (1967). – Identified anamorph(s): Ampullifera amoeboides (Bat. & Cavalc.) D. Hawksw. – Type: Brazil, Correia s.n. (URM 42000, holotype!; INPA, isotype, not seen). – Host(s): Opegraphaceae [Mazosia tumidula (Stirt.) Müll. Arg. (holotype of Teratoschaeta rondoniensis and Ampullifera amoeboides), Mazosia spp.]. – Distribution: Tropical America (Brazil).

TERATOSPERMA Syd., Ann. Mycol. 7: 127 (1909); Hawksworth, Bull. Br. Mus. Nat. Hist. (Bot.) 6: 260 (1979). – Type species: Teratosperma singulare Syd. (holotype). – Systematic position: Fungi Imperfecti, Hyphomycetes, see Hawksworth, Bull. Br. Mus. Nat. Hist. (Bot.) 6: 260 (1979). – Biology: Saprophytic, algicolous and lichenicolous. – Number of lichenicolous species on foliicolous lichens: 2. – Distribution: Tropical Africa and Asia.

Teratosperma anacardii Hansf., Proc. Linn. Soc. Lond. 155: 54 (1943); Hawksworth, Bull. Br. Mus. Nat. Hist. (Bot.) 6: 260 (1979). – Nom. syn.: Podoconis anacardii (Hansf.) S. Hughes. – Type: Uganda, Chandler s.n. (K, holotype, not seen; IMI 10422, isotype, not seen). – Host(s): Strigulaceae [Strigula smaragdula Fr. (holotype)]. – Distribution: Tropical Africa and Asia.

Teratosperma lichenicola D. Hawksw., Bull. Br. Mus. Nat. Hist. (Bot.) 6: 262 (1979). – Type: Sierra Leone, Deighton M1332 (IMI 25611h, holotype, not seen). – Host(s): Strigulaceae [Strigula smaragdula Fr. (holotype)]. – Distribution: Tropical Africa and Asia.

TRICHOPHYMA Rehm, Hedwigia 44: 7 (1904); Matzer, Mycol. Pap. 171: 97 (1996). – Type species: Trichophyma bunchosiae Rehm (holotype). – Systematic position: ?Arthoniales, see Matzer, Mycol. Pap. 171: 97 (1996). – Biology: Lichenicolous. – Number of lichenicolous species: 2. – Distribution: Tropical America and Africa.

Trichophyma bunchosiae Rehm, Hedwigia 44: 7 (1904); Matzer, Mycol. Pap. 171: 98 (1996). – Nom. syn.: Arthothelium bunchosiae (Rehm) R. Sant. – Type: Brazil, Ule 1120 (S, holotype, not seen). – Host(s): Strigulaceae [Strigula orbicularis Fr. (holotype)]. – Distribution: Tropical America and Africa.

Trichophyma similis Matzer, Mycol. Pap. 171: 99 (1996). – Type: Brazil, Malme 433a:2 (UPS, holotype, not seen). – Host(s): Strigulaceae [Strigula smaragdula Fr. (holotype)]. – Distribution: Tropical America (Brazil).

VOUAUXIELLA Petr. & H. Syd., Repert. Nov. Spec. Regni Veg., Beih. 42: 482 (1927); Hawksworth, Bull. Br. Mus. Nat. Hist. (Bot.) 9: 64 (1981). – Tax. syn.: ALYSIA Cavalc. & A. A. Silva. – Type species: Vouauxiella verrucosa (Vouaux) Petr. & H. Syd. (holotype). – Systematic position: Fungi Imperfect, Coelomycetes, see Hawksworth, Bull. Br. Mus. Nat. Hist. (Bot.) 9: 65 (1981). – Biology: Lichenicolous. – Number of lichenicolous species on foliicolous lichens: 1. – Distribution: Cosmopolitan.

Vouauxiella pithospora (Cavalc. & A. A. Silva) B. Sutton, The Coelomycetes: 24 (1980). – Bas.: Alysia pithospora Cavalc. & A. A. Silva. – Type: Brazil, Xavier Filho 19263 (URM 35089, holotype!). – Host(s): Trichotheliaceae [Porina mirabilis Lücking & Vezda (holotype)]. – Distribution: Tropical America.

[WENTIOMYCES Koord., Verh. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wetensch. 13: 168 (1907); Matzer, Mycol. Pap. 171: 169 (1996). = Nom. dub., see Barr, Mycotaxon 64: 163-166 (1997)].

[Wentiomyces lichenicola (Hansf.) D. Hawksw. subsp. lichenicola, Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 74: 385 (1980); Matzer, Mycol. Pap. 171: 170 (1996). = Neocoleroa lichenicola (Hansf.) Barr subsp. lichenicola].

[Wentiomyces lichenicola subsp. bouteillei Bricaud, Cl. Roux & Sérus. in Roux et al., Mycotaxon 50: 460 (1994); Matzer, Mycol. Pap. 171: 170 (1996). = Neocoleroa lichenicola subsp. bouteillei (Bricaud, Cl. Roux & Sérus.) Barr].